Western mining areas are major strategic coal reserve bases in China. Large scale coal extraction is increasingly constrained by water scarcity and ecological fragility. To clarify the technical approach to ecological protection-oriented mining and the coordinated utilization of associated resources, recent advances in water-preserving mining, coal gangue disposal, high-salinity mine water treatment, and surface subsidence control were reviewed. Representative engineering cases were compared. An applicability analysis was conducted for the Xinjie Taigemiao Mining Area. An integrated engineering plan was then developed. It is shown that source control, process regulation, passive protection measures, and monitoring-based management are required for water preserving mining in western mining areas. Coal gangue is mainly disposed of through large-scale underground filling. High-value utilization at the surface is adopted as a supplementary approach. High salinity mine water is managed through staged treatment, fit for purpose reuse, and concentrated brine recovery. In the Xinjie Taigemiao Mining Area, the Anding Formation aquiclude is identified as the key barrier protecting the Cretaceous aquifer. The development of the water conducting fracture zone can be restricted through the optimization of mining parameters and the pre-splitting of thick, hard key strata. The construction schedule and industrial site layout of eight mines are considered in the engineering plan. Five underground filling stations and one surface processing plant are planned. Coal gangue is disposed of on a large scale and converted into ecological restoration soil and construction materials. For mine water with high concentrations of sodium and sulfate, a storage and reuse mode is proposed. Source control of mine inflow, advanced treatment, and deep geological reinjection are combined in this mode. The technical connotation of ecological protection-oriented mining and coordinated associated resource utilization is clarified. The engineering applicability of the proposed approach is illustrated through case-based planning. A technical basis is provided for green coal extraction and resource recycling in ecologically fragile western mining areas.