As cislunar missions evolve from single-spacecraft exploration toward long-duration presence, multi-node coordination, and continuous scientific data delivery, the focus of research on laser communications is shifting from single-link performance validation to system-level assessment of mission data delivery capability. Cislunar laser communications are jointly constrained by orbital geometry, weather conditions at optical ground stations, terminal acquisition and link establishment, buffer resources at network nodes, and protocol-state retention. To account for these coupled effects, a layered communication architecture and a resilience assessment method are proposed for high-rate cislunar data transmission. The proposed approach is evaluated through numerical simulations of a representative data-return scenario for a lunar surface science station. At a fixed physical-layer peak rate, increasing the number of optical ground stations from one to three raises the mission completion rate from 0.62 to 0.91, whereas further station deployment yields diminishing returns. Increasing the protocol recovery factor from 0.60 to 0.95 raises normalized effective throughput from 0.56 to 0.88 and reduces the retransmission ratio from 0.23 to 0.05. These results show that the performance of high-rate cislunar laser communications is not governed solely by peak link rate; contact-window scheduling, protocol-state retention, and cross-station reconfiguration are equally critical to service resilience.