To study the time and factor attributes of system fault evolution process (SFEP) in measurement, a large-scale system for measuring the quantum state of SFEP is constructed based on the method of quantum mechanics; The time and factor attributes of SFEP are studied for non measurement, single measurement and statistical measurement. Firstly, the meaning of time in SFEP is explained; Secondly, a large-scale system for measuring the quantum states of SFEP is constructed; Finally, the time and factor attributes of SFEP are studied. The research shows that the time in SFEP represents the set of all eigenvalues, not real time. The large-scale system for measuring the quantum states of SFEP includes at least four parts: people, instruments, environment and tested system. The quantum states of SFEP are formed by the superposition of the quantum states of these four subsystems. Generally, SFEP has no time attribute, only factor attribute, but different measurement methods also have an impact on the results. Non measurement has no time and factor attribute; Single measurement has factor attribute but not time attribute; Statistical measurement has factors and time attributes. This paper provides a direction for the cross research of safety science theory and quantum mechanics theory, which is conducive to overcome the problems of uncertainty, randomness and discontinuity of SFEP.