To address the problems of complex hardware links, poor multi-channel synchronization, low integration and difficult engineering implementation in conventional discrete wideband phased array digital beamforming (DBF) systems, a wideband direct radio frequency (RF) sampling phased array DBF receiving system based on the XCZU47DR radio frequency system on chip (RFSoC) is proposed. The system architecture and operating modes are designed, and the hardware design of the acquisition and processing board as well as field programmable gate array (FPGA) resource evaluation are completed. The software design and sampling rate configuration are implemented, and the wideband DBF algorithm based on Farrow-structured fractional delay filters is realized. System performance is verified through simulations and hardware measurements. Experimental results show that a multi-channel phase consistency better than 0.5° is achieved, no obvious beam dispersion is observed within the 50° scanning range, and stable coherent synthesis of wideband signals is realized. The proposed system features high integration and strong engineering practicability, which can provide a reference for the design of miniaturized wideband phased array systems.