In order to solve the problems of poor dispersion stability and insufficient interfacial activity of graphene oxide (go) in oil displacement application, a modified graphene oxide nanomaterial (GPA) was prepared by grafting polydopamine (PDA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) onto the go surface by one-step method. The GPA was characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM, and its composition, element content and microstructure were analyzed. The results showed that PDA and APTES were successfully grafted onto the go surface. The wettability change performance, oil-water emulsion separation performance and temperature and salt resistance stability of GPA membrane were studied. GPA membrane has good wettability change ability. Under the extreme environment of strong acid-base and high salt, the underwater oil contact angle of GPA membrane is still maintained at 150 °, and the separation efficiency of oil-water emulsion is 95.7%, which still maintains good separation performance and stability, which provides a certain innovative reference for the development of functional nano oil displacement materials.