Urban spatial expansion on the ecological environment reflects the influence of human social activities and the interaction between ecological environment protection, to systematically study the urban space spread disorder induced by way of urban land use change on the impact of urban ecological environment, ecological restoration of urban land space, boost the regional sustainable development is of great significance. In order to explore the impact of urban expansion on ecological security pattern of Hefei City, ecological remote sensing index, minimum cumulative resistance model, circuit theory and patch generated land use simulation model were comprehensively used to construct ecological security pattern of Hefei City and identify ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points. Based on the simulation of land use in Hefei City from 2010 to 2040 (the overall accuracy is 94.71%, the Kappa coefficient is 90.04%, and the Fom value is 0.102), the urban expansion from 2030 to 2040 is predicted, and the impact degree of urban expansion on regional ecological security pattern is discussed based on the prediction results. The results showed that: The overall ecological environment quality of Hefei presents a distribution pattern of high in the south, medium low in the south. A total of 35 ecological sources in Hefei have been identified, including 70 active ecological corridors, 17 inactive corridors, 290 ecological pinch points and 112 ecological obstacle points. From 2020 to 2040, the area of urban and rural, industrial and mining residential land, forest land, water area and unused land in Hefei will continue to increase, while the area of cultivated land and grassland will continue to decrease. From 2020 to 2040, urban built-up areas occupied 55.95km2, 10.51km2, 1.04km2 and 1.35km2 of ecological corridor, source area, pinch point and obstacle point respectively. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the ecological environment governance and land space ecological protection and restoration of rapidly developing cities in the future.