This paper systematically reviews the research state-of-the-art of the non-destructive testing from the aspects of the theory of anchoring bolt quality detection based on stress wave, model test, stress wave excitation and reception, signal processing and analysis, numerical simulation. Literature data analysis shows that the research on nondestructive testing technology of bolt anchorage quality in China started late, but developed rapidly. The existing non-destructive testing technology for bolt anchorage quality is relatively mature, which can realize the detection of the length and grouting compactness of grouted bolt. However, it still has shortcomings, which limit the detection accuracy and detection length of the bolt; The non-destructive testing method for the service state of old bolts is also rarely reported, and further research is still needed. Finally, the future potential development direction is prospected combine with the future development trend. In the follow-up study, the existing theory should be further improved and perfected, and the nondestructive testing technology and equipment should be developed and upgraded to expand the application scope of nondestructive testing technology for bolt anchorage quality. At the same time, the intelligent evaluation system of bolt service state based on nondestructive testing technology should be constructed and the remaining bolt life prediction method need to be proposed.