In order to quickly diagnose the leakage of heating pipe network and improve its operation safety, a test apparatus for leakage detection and localization of heating pipe was built, and the acceleration sensors were used to measure the acoustic waves，the influence of different operation pressure, temperature, leakage aperture and leakage point location on leakage acoustic wave characteristics and leakage localization of heating pipeline were studied. The results indicate that when there is no leakage in heating pipe, the background noise energy is concentrated in the range of 0-1000Hz, after leakage occurs, the acoustic energy due to leaking will be concentrated in the range of 1200-2400Hz and 3200-4000Hz. With the increase of pressure and leakage aperture, the amplitude of leakage acoustic signal increases, the signal energy increases, the proportion of high frequency band energy increases, and the leakage localization becomes accurate; however, with the temperature increase, the amplitude of leakage acoustic signal decreases, the signal energy decreases, the proportion of low frequency band energy increases, and the leakage localization gets worse, the relative position of leakage point has little influence on the leakage localization accuracy, the approach by bandpass filtering could significantly improve the accuracy.