Abstract:The urban development of central Yunnan faces various pressures such as insufficient resources and environment per capita, uneven distribution of resources, and fragile ecological environment. The study selected 4 TM images in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 to study the temporal and spatial changes of land use/over , its landscape pattern evolution characteristics and ecological environment effects in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. The results show that: (1) The fragmentation degree of other land use/over increases gradually, and the shape becomes complex. With the development of the city, except for the construction land landscape type connection degree increases, the rest land use decreases and the fragmentation degree increases; (2) The land-averaged ecosystem service value of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is generally lower, and the spatial expression is lower in the east and higher in the west, and there are large differences between districts and counties.The overall ecological environment tends to deteriorate, and the factors causing the improvement of the ecological environment are the conversion of forest land, water area and cultivated land convert into construction land. When the slope is less than 3 degrees, the hydrological regulation waste disposal value is larger, and when the slope is greater than 3 degrees, the biodiversity conservation and soil formation and protection values are higher, while the food production and aesthetic landscape values are lower. The regional agglomeration type of forest and water area is high-high clustering, and the regional agglomeration type of construction land is low-low clustering.(3) The ecological environment quality of about 59% of the districts and counties in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration declined, and 32% of the districts increased. The development of the urban agglomeration in central Yunnan should improve the structure and efficiency of land use, and increase environmental protection efforts.