For the cold area with dominant heat load, the long-term operation of ground source heat pump system makes the soil temperature decrease year by year, the research shows that the use of air source heat pump to store heat for the buried pipe heat exchange system in the non-heating season can effectively solve the problem of soil heat balance. Based on the actual project, the heat storage performance test of the air source heat pump-buried pipe heat exchange system was carried out, the results show that the average heating capacity of the system can reach 2.17 times the rated heat capacity of the air source heat pump, and the average energy efficiency ratio of the system is 7.2, the average temperature difference of the circulating water in the buried pipe is 4.5 ℃, and the system runs stably. The thermal storage process was simulated by TRNSYS software, and the correctness of the model was verified by combining the experimental data, the results showed that the soil temperature increased from the initial 15.8 ℃ to 16.4 ℃ after thermal storage. During the heat storage period, the multi-objective optimization method was used to obtain the optimal working conditions of the air source heat pump-buried pipe heat storage system in all-day operation: the total flow of the circulating water pump is 100 m3/h, the total customized heat of air source heat pump is 723.7 kW. When the lower soil target temperature rise is 3.0 ℃, the energy consumption of the system is 474 820.0 kWh, and the increased heat storage operation cost is 3.96 yuan/m2. Compared with the traditional heat source coal, gas, and cogeneration heat storage methods, the energy and environmental benefits of the air source heat pump heat storage system are significant.