闪电电场波形脉冲序列极性变化及成因
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P427.3

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国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1501502);国家自然科学基金(41675006;91537209;41875002)


Polarity Change of Lightning Electric Field Pulse Sequence and Its Causes
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    摘要:

    地基闪电探测站记录的闪电电场信号普遍存在极性反转现象,不同测站的极性反转时刻不同,目前对该现象没有较清晰的认识。本文详细阐述了闪电放电引起的电场变化信号的测量原理,在此基础上,利用宽带电场和甚高频辐射数据,结合闪电甚高频辐射源的定位结果,分析了闪电电场脉冲极性反转现象的特征和原因。对比基站间距为5 km量级的多站数据,发现不同测站数据电场极性反转并不同时发生,并且极性反转常伴随着脉冲幅值的降低,因此常常导致定位时脉冲提取缺失或到达时间提取的误差增大。利用宽带电场定位和甚高频辐射源定位相互补充,在获得闪电精细化三维定位基础上分析发现,闪电主通道头部的发展方向改变,是导致地面探测站的垂直电场出现极性反转现象的可能原因,主通道头部携带的大量电荷靠近或远离是地面垂直电场变化测量装置脉冲波动的主要原因。对于不同方位的探测站,闪电主通道头部相对运动是导致不同探测站出现脉冲极性反转时刻不同的主要原因。针对极性反转现象造成定位效率下降问题,本文提出了希尔伯特能量谱的解决方案,定位出的闪电辐射源数量提高约9%。

    Abstract:

    The lightning electric field signal recorded by ground-based lightning detection stations generally has a polarity reversal phenomenon, and the polarity reversal time of different stations is different. At present, this phenomenon is not clearly understood. The measurement principle of electric field change signal caused by lightning discharge is described in detail. Based on this, using broadband electric field and VHF radiation data, combined with the location results of lightning VHF radiation source, the characteristics and causes of polarity reversal of lightning electric field pulse is analyzed. Comparing multi-station data with an interval of 5 km, it is found that the electric field polarity reversal at different stations does not occur at the same time. And the polarity reversal is often accompanied by a decrease in pulse amplitude, which often results in pulse missing or time error increasing of arriving pulses during positioning. Using broadband electric field positioning and VHF radiation source positioning to complement each other, on the basis of obtaining refined three-dimensional positioning of lightning, it is found that the development direction change of the lightning channel head caused the polarity reversal phenomenon of the vertical electric field. The proximity or distance of the large amount of electric charges carried by the head of the main channel is the main reason for the pulse fluctuation of the ground vertical electric field change measurement device. For lightning detection stations with different orientations, the relative movement of the head of the main lightning channel is the main reason for the different timing of pulse polarity reversal at different detection stations. Aiming at the problem of decreased positioning efficiency caused by the polarity reversal phenomenon, this paper proposes a solution for Hilbert energy spectrum, which increases the number of lightning radiation sources located by about 9%.

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闵应昌,王彦辉,刘亚栎,等. 闪电电场波形脉冲序列极性变化及成因[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(24): 10417-10424.
Min Yingchang, Wang Yanhui, Liu Yali, et al. Polarity Change of Lightning Electric Field Pulse Sequence and Its Causes[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2022,22(24):10417-10424.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-05
  • 最后修改日期:2022-05-26
  • 录用日期:2022-04-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-09-08
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