Abstract：Rock thermal conductivity plays an important role in geothermal development, underground engineering, basin evolution and many other aspects. With the deepening of research, it is an inevitable trend to obtain the thermal conductivity of deep continuous strata accurately and quantitatively. In this paper, the influencing factors and laws of rock thermal conductivity are summarized and verified by measured data, and the current prediction methods of thermal conductivity in deep strata are compared and discussed. The main influencing factors are composition, porosity, density, temperature and so on. Generally, the thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks is greater than that of magmatic rocks, and that of sandstone is greater than that of mudstone. When the porosity is less than 10 %, its change has a great influence on the thermal conductivity, and then with the increase of porosity, the weakening effect of thermal conductivity becomes weak. The thermal conductivity is positively correlated with density. The thermal conductivity of rock decreases with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is greater than 150 °C, the effect of temperature increase on the thermal conductivity of sandstone is gradually weakened. The thermal conductivity prediction methods of deep continuous formation mainly include geophysical logging prediction and distributed optical fiber monitoring prediction. Geophysical logging prediction has the advantages of simple data acquisition and mature logging technology, but the prediction accuracy is not high and the regional difference is large. Optical fiber monitoring and prediction has the advantages of high data accuracy and real-time monitoring, but the data volume is large and the installation of deep well equipment is difficult. Both methods have broad development prospects.