Since the invention of polyacrylate polymer materials, it has been widely used in farmland water retention and sanitary products due to its strong water absorption and water holding capacity. After continuous improvement, this type of material now has excellent properties such as high mechanical strength, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and heavy metal ion fixation, which can provide new solutions to problems in different fields. This article focuses on the latest development of polyacrylate modified polymer materials, and introduces the commonly used synthesis and modification methods of materials. The performance changes of modified materials under different conditions are systematically explained, as well as their functions and advantages in contaminated soil and wastewater treatment, the problems and limitations in the actual application process are summarized. Finally, based on the above analysis, the future development direction of polyacrylate polymer materials is prospected.