To crack the problem of optimizing the multimodal transportation route of emergency supplies after disasters, a robust path optimization mode with schedule restrictions under uncertain environments has been established, in which the uncertainties of the emergency supplies transportation network has been considered, and the dispatch time constraints of various transportation methods have also been included. At the same time, since it is difficulty for computers to solve NP, a large mutation genetic algorithm and an adaptive genetic algorithm are designed to solve the problem. And then the results of the two algorithms are compared and analyzed through numerical cases. The research results finally reveal that the model and algorithm designed in this paper can quickly select a time-efficient and robust emergency material allocation path in an uncertain environment.