In order to clarify the characteristics of surface temperature changes and its influencing factors in the source area of ??the Yellow River, taking the Yongqu River Basin as an example, based on the landsat data in 2008 and 2020, the surface temperature was retrieved by the radiation transfer method, and the time and space of the surface temperature were analyzed and discussed. Change characteristics and their correlation with land cover types, topographic factors, and normalized vegetation index. The research results show that: (1) From 2008 to 2020, the surface temperature of the Yongqu River Basin increased, and the average temperature rose from 24.330°C to 24.592°C. (2) The influence of terrain factors on surface temperature and NDVI has significant spatial differentiation, that is, surface temperature, NDVI and altitude show a negative correlation. As altitude increases, both surface temperature and NDVI show a downward trend. And the negative correlation between the two is more significant in high-altitude areas; surface temperature and NDVI decrease with the increase of slope; slope aspect also has a certain impact on surface temperature and NDVI, In the order of gentle slope, sunny slope, semi-sun slope semi-shady slope and shady slope, the surface temperature and NDVI gradually decrease, and there is a big difference between the surface temperature and NDVI of the sunny slope and the shady slope. (3) The difference between the surface temperature and NDVI of different land cover types is also obvious. The surface temperature and NDVI value of grassland are higher, and the value of small shrubs is lower. The maximum temperature and NDVI differ by 4.688°C and 0.035 respectively. (4) The regression coefficients of surface temperature and NDVI in the GWR model are positive, indicating that NDVI has a positive effect on the surface temperature; the degree of fitting of the GWR model shows a trend of gradually increasing from west to east.