In response to the deteriorating environmental problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Terra-MODIS C6.1 MOD04_L2 aerosol optical thickness (AOD) products are used to explore the characteristics of the AOD spatiotemporal changes in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2011 to 2020, based on the HYSPLIT model analyze the transmission paths of pollutants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei four seasons, and in conjunction with the Air Quality Index (AQI) data sources and potential contribution factor method (PSCF) analyze the potential source of contaminants in different seasons of Shijiazhuang City. The results show that: The spatial distribution of AOD in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for many years is generally high in the southeast and low in the northwest; The AOD in 10 years has a "w-shaped" decline, with peaks and valleys appearing in 2011 (0.49) and 2017 (0.33); The average value of AOD in the four seasons from high to low is: summer (0.53)>spring (0.39)>winter (0.36)>autumn (0.32); Monthly AOD changes are "double peaks", with peaks appearing in February (0.48) and July Month (0.59); The four seasons of Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang are mainly affected by short-distance air mass transportation; According to statistics of the excellent and good rate of AQI, Shijiazhuang has the worst air quality among the three major cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the PSCF analysis shows that the potential source areas that affect the AQI value of Shijiazhuang are mainly located in Shijiazhuang and surrounding provinces and cities.