In order to study and prevent and control the groundwater pollution caused by the stacking of aluminum smelting solid waste and red mud, red mud samples were collected from an aluminum smelting solid waste plant in Shandong Province. First, through indoor pollutant soaking tests, the red mud was studied for different soaking times and Concentration changes of pollutants under different concentration conditions; then, a soil column leaching test was carried out using deionized water to simulate the migration of pollutants during the infiltration process of the red mud pile soil leaching under rainfall conditions. The results show that the concentration of F^- in the soaking solution can reach up to 54.1 mg/L, which is 53 times exceeding the standard; the concentration of SO4^2- can reach 259.57 mg/L, which has exceeded Grade III water quality standard, and the concentration of Al³⁺ can reach 29.20 mg/L, which is 57 times exceeding the standard. The amount of soaking water has a more significant effect on the leaching of components in the red mud than the soaking time; the concentration of F^-, Na⁺, Al³⁺ and TDS in the leaching solution showed a trend of first increasing and then gradually decreasing. The main reason is that the ion exchange reaction and the formation of CaF2 and MgF2. Under natural rainfall conditions, the Mg and Fe in the red mud are not easy to migrate with the leached liquid into the vadose zone and cause pollution. Therefore, when the red mud pollution is controlled, F^-、Al³⁺、SO4² and other pollution components should be the main prevention and control objects.