Aiming to alleviate the contradiction between human and land and optimize the urban spatial layout, we studied the spatial and temporal dynamic distribution of cities in Sichuan-Chongqing region and the development trend of cities. In this paper, two kinds of nighttime light data are used: DMSP/OLS satellite F101993, F121998, F142003, F162008 annual composite images of stable light downloaded from NGDC, and monthly composite images of NPP/VIIRS satellite in July 2013 and July 2018, Taking five years as a period, the urban built-up areas in Sichuan-Chongqing region were extracted by threshold dichotomous method, and the dynamic change process of urban built-up areas in Sichuan-Chongqing region in recent 25 years was analyzed by using compactness and fractal dimension, standard deviation ellipse and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban built-up area expansion. The results showed that: Firstly, the fitting R2 value of the two nighttime light data is about 0.7455, the extraction error is within 3%, and the spatial accuracy is relatively high. Secondly, the compactness index of Sichuan-Chongqing area decreases with the passage of time, and the classification dimension Roughly is on the rise. Meanwhile, the center of gravity of the urban built-up areas gradually shifted eastward, the direction of urban expansion first decreased and then increased, and the direction of expansion changed from southwest-northeast to northwest-southeast. Fourth, urban built-up areas in Sichuan and Chongqing continued Expansion. Although the speed of expansion fluctuates, it is generally on the rise. Chengdu and Chongqing have become increasingly important in their core positions. It can be seen that from 1993 to 2018, the scale of urban agglomerations in the Sichuan-Chongqing region has continued to expand, the urban structure has become increasingly complex, and urban development is mainly extended by extension, with a high degree of fragmentation. The center of urban built-up area has shown a trend of eastward shifting, indicating that Chongqing is the core The eastern cities developed slightly faster than the western ones.