Joints are generally developed in loess areas and appear in pairs. Their existence destroys the integrity and continuity of the soil mass, and the resulting weakness causes safety hazards to the stability of loess caverns and slopes. Through field investigation, mathematical statistics and other methods, the joint distribution characteristics and disaster types in the study area are systematically studied. On this basis, the deformation and failure of the abandoned loess cave dwelling slopes are classified into two modes: cave dwelling roof fall failure and cave dwelling collapse failure. Through the establishment of finite element models under different pairs of joints, the stability of abandoned loess cave dwelling slopes is calculated and analyzed. The results show that: ① When the paired joints are far away from the vault and the distance is larger, the stability is lower, and the stability when the X joints are developed is lower than when the vertical joints are developed; ② The influence of paired joints on vertical displacement is greater than that on horizontal displacement, and the smaller the inclination angle of the developed X joint is, the more likely the cave dwelling will be local collapse of the cave entrance and roof fall of the cave face; ③ The Mises equivalent stress is more concentrated in the irregularities of the kiln leg, vertical wall and vault. When the pair of joints are far away from the vault and the distance increases, the stress gap between the surrounding rock on both sides of the joint becomes smaller, and when the inclination angle of the pair of X joints becomes smaller , The maximum equivalent stress value increases, and damage is more likely to occur near the joints.