In order to improve the collection efficiency for fine particles, based on the mechanisms of bipolar transverse plate electrostatic precipitator, a wire-tube bipolar precharger was developed and designed. The electrohydrodynamic distribution of wire-tube bipolar precharger was numerical study by COMSOL Multiphysics based on the corona discharge model coupled to turbulent flow model. Then a laboratory scale wire-tube bipolar precharger was established to investigate the agglomeration characteristics under controlled operating condition. Numerical simulation verified that negative and positive corona, negative and positive space charge density, as well as explosive turbulent motion were occurred simultaneously in a single bipolar precharger, which were favorable for turbulence and electrostatic agglomeration. When the silicon powder with medium diameter of 1.7 μm was used, the particle size distribution was obviously bimodal through the wire-tube bipolar precharger, and the agglomeration efficiency was increased with increasing applied voltage from 4 kV/cm to 6 kV/cm. When the applied voltage exceeded 11 kV, the agglomeration efficiencies of dust in each particle size range were more than 95%. The research results can expand the application of the bipolar transverse plate electrostatic precipitator technology, and provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of bipolar agglomeration technology and industrial applications.