Three specimens were remodeled by using the residual soils originating from Jurassic mudstone in Wanzhou area under 5, 13 and 21 times of drying-wetting cycles. The consolidated undrained shear tests and natural drained residual shear tests were performed by means of a ring shear apparatus. The results show that: (1) with the increase of drying-wetting cycles, saturated mudstone residual soil is more likely to produce higher excess pore-water pressure in undrained shearing, and the undrained residual strength is deteriorated due to the drying-wetting cycles. (2) with the increase of drying-wetting cycles, the effective residual cohesion of saturated mudstone residual soil increases sharply, while the effective residual internal friction angle decreases significantly, and the residual strength is basically controlled by the inter-granular cohesion consequently. (3) The residual strength of the mudstone residual soil has a negative rate effect in a small rate range, but a strong positive rate effect in a larger rate range, which shows the residual strength, is shear rate dependent. With the increase of drying-wetting cycles, the initial shear rate of residual strength showing significant positive rate effect will decrease. The research results have a certain reference value for the stability evaluation of Jurassic bank slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir under seasonal rainfall and periodic reservoir water level fluctuation.