For the rock slope near the river in the earthquake-prone area，the stability analysis is of great significance. In this paper, by comprehensively considering the effect of horizontal and vertical seismic forces, the depth of water accumulated in the tensile cracks, the overload of the slope top, the anchoring effect, the erosion of flowing water, the magnification factor of rock mass, and the static and dynamic water pressure, the pseudo-dynamic method was used to derive the calculation formula of the anti-overturning seismic safety factor of the river-near rock slope under different working conditions. The result showed that horizontal seismic forces, accumulated water in tensile cracks, and water erosion had an adverse effect on the anti-sliding and overturning stability of rock slopes; however, vertical seismic forces, slope top overload, anchoring force, and anchoring positions were conducive to rock slope resistance of overturning stability. With the increase of the rock mass magnification factor, the influence of horizontal seismic force and slope top overload increased, while the effect of vertical seismic force and the depth of water accumulation in tensile decreased. However, the influence of anchoring effect, scouring height of slope toe, and river water level on slope anti-overturning stability was basically unchanged.