In order to analyze the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roof of the rectangular roadway, the method combining theoretical derivation, numerical simulation and field monitoring was adopted to establish the roof beam model of the rectangular roadway, and the elastic-plastic analysis was carried out on the model, so as to obtain the subsidence amount of the surrounding rock surface of the roadway roof and at different positions along the depth direction of the mid-span.At the same time, the subsidence amount of roadway roof at different buried depths (200~700 m) was obtained by FLAC3D simulation, and the simulation results were compared with the theoretical calculation values and the monitoring results of roof deformation of transport roadway in s12001 Ning Tiaota Coal Mine, so as to verify the reliability of the theoretical calculation results.The results show that the theoretical value of subsidence displacement is close to the numerical simulation and field monitoring results when the middle and shallow buried depth (≤500 m) is reached, and the theoretical calculation formula of the subsidence deformation of the rectangular roadway roof is given, which can provide a theoretical basis for the bolt support design of the rectangular roadway.