To study the cytocompatibility of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)combined with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vessel tissue engi-neering. VSMCs were cultured with PHB, then compared with PGLA and con-trol, the morphological characters were observed with SEM, cell adhere rateand cell proliferation were detected with MTT assay and cell cycle was de-tected with Flow Cytometer(FCM). The adhere rate of VSMCs which is seed-ed on PHB with 77%, when compared with PGLA and Control, PHB is less,but the cells seened on PHB grew well and are confirmed as diploid.It is con-clused that the results show that PHB has a good Cytocompatibility withVSMCs,but the adhere degree between Cell and material should be further im-proved.