In order to study the dynamic compression mechanical properties of the aviation seat cushion, the quasi-static and dynamic compression characteristics experiments based on nonflotation and flotation two-type aviation seat cushions were performed to study the deformation process, rate sensitivity, energy absorption and energy loss of seat cushion with the electronic universal experiment machine and the high-speed hydraulic servo experiment machine, which the effects of the density of four nonflotation layer materials and the proportion of four flotation layer materials were considered. The results indicate that the aviation seat cushion compression test has good repeatability; the seat cushion material has obvious non-linear characteristics, hysteresis effect and hyperelastic characteristics, and the elastic modulus is small; the seat cushion material rate sensitivity is obvious, and the strain rate parameter is positively related to the density of the nonflotation layer and negatively related to the proportion of the flotation layer; the peak energy is positively related to the strain rate, the proportion of the flotation layer, and the density of the nonflotation layer; the percentage of energy loss is positively related to the strain rate, and negatively related to the proportion of the flotation layer and the density of the nonflotation layer, moreover, the proportion of the flotation layer plays a leading role.