In order to accurately monitor the seasonal variation of soil erosion intensity and soil site conditions along the high-speed railway slope, the seasonal variation law and difference of soil erosion intensity under natural restoration conditions were compared and analyzed. The erosion resistance of typical tree sample plots from March 2018 to February 2019 was studied. The shear resistance, soil physical and chemical properties and erosion intensity were monitored quarterly. Four slow plots were selected. The main vegetation types were Robinia pseudoacacia L., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino and Ligustrum lucidum. Typical plots were selected in the sample plots, and the light conditions and experimental points of vegetation growth were selected to determine organic matter. Content, total phosphorus content, total potassium content, rainfall, impact resistance, shear resistance and erosion modulus were analyzed, and regression equation was established, and seasonal mean test was carried out. The results show that: (1) The variation trend of total elements and organic matter is increasing in spring and summer, and declining in autumn and winter. The nutrient levels of Pinus massoniana and Robinia pseudoacacia are higher, the nutrient levels of Ligustrum lucidum and Beech are lower, but the stability of nutrient content is better; (2) The trend of annual variation of scour resistance index and shear resistance index is descending in spring and summer, rising in autumn and winter, and the scour resistance and shear resistance of Pinus massoniana and Robinia pseudoacacia stands are better; (3) The degree of soil erosion in summer is higher than that in summer. In spring, autumn and winter, the soil erosion degree of Pinus massoniana and Robinia pseudoacacia stands is relatively small; (4) Soil moisture content, rainfall, rainfall intensity, total phosphorus content, erosion resistance coefficient, shear resistance, herbaceous vegetation coverage and soil erosion modulus have strong correlation, rainfall intensity, moisture content and daily maximum rainfall, organic matter. The contribution rates of quality, coverage, shear resistance and scour resistance coefficient to soil erosion are higher.