Based on the monthly temperature data of 20 meteorological stations in Ningxia and the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data of 500 hPa geopotential height field and sea level pressure ,200 hPa and 850 hPa wind field in winter (December to February) from 1961 to 2013, by applying the methods of linear tendency estimate, the M-K method and synthetic analysis,on the study of the interannual and inter-decadal variation characteristics of winter average temperature in Ningxia, the relationship between the different influencing factors of the atmospheric circulation field and the winter temperature anomalies in Ningxia were further analyzed during cold and warm periods before and after the mutation point, to reveal the cause of Ningxia winter temperature anomalies. The results showed that: Firstly, trend from cold to warm of winter average temperature in Ningxia was very significant, the winter average temperature in Ningxia before 1985 was a cold period,while after 1985 it was a warm period; The warming trendency of the inter-decadal variation of winter average temperature was significant in the 20th century, however in the 21st century the rise was leveling off. Secondly, for winter temperature anomalies in Ningxia district, not only the high-pressure ridge of 500 hPa geopotential height field over Ural Mountains, and west pacific subtropical highSwere the main affecting system,but also Siberian high pressure of sea level pressure field; Abnormal field of the north-deflected airflow and the south-deflected warmSand moist airflow of high and low level also had an influence.