喷油嘴流量对小型柴油机燃烧及排放影响的试验研究
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江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏省镇江市京口区学府路301号江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,无锡华源凯马发动机有限公司,隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司,江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院

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TK421

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江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(苏证办发[2014]37号),江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2015188)


Experimental Study on Influences of Nozzles’ Flow on Small Diesel Engines’ Combustion and Emission
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School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University,,,,

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the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD[2014]37) , the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2015188)

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    摘要:

    以某186FA柴油机为研究对象,对比分析喷油嘴用不同加工方法的喷孔及流量变化对小型柴油机燃烧和排放性能的影响。试验结果表明:减小喷油嘴流量,同工况下柴油机的最大燃烧压力降低,燃烧始点提前,预混燃烧比重减小,扩散燃烧阶段燃烧速度加强。合理匹配喷油嘴的流量参数能有效降低柴油机的排放,喷油嘴喷孔用电火花打孔与用机械钻孔相比能明显的改善柴油机排放性能。186FA柴油机用电火花打孔、流量为0.959L/min的喷油嘴和原机机械钻孔的喷油嘴试验对比,整机HC、CO和PM排放分别下降了45.1%、27.7%和10.4%,NOX上升11.3%,但HC+NOX仍下降2.4%(八工况排放试验循环),用喷油嘴优化匹配后整机排放能达到中国非道路柴油机第三阶段排放标准的要求。研究表明:柴油机在中、小负荷工况的燃油消耗率、HC、CO明显减少是整机排放降低的主要因素,其机理是喷油嘴流量系数大,喷孔燃油流道表面质量改善,提高了喷油压力和喷雾质量,每循环喷雾形状稳定,改善油气的混合和燃烧质量,说明喷油嘴喷孔参数和流量是影响非道路小型柴油机性能和排放的重要因素。

    Abstract:

    With a certain 186FA diesel engine as the research subject, the paper compares influences of nozzles with differently-processed orifices and changes in flows on combustion and emission of small diesel engines. The results indicate that the maximum combustion pressure decreases, combustion starting point gets earlier, proportion of premixed combustion decreases and combustion rate is enhanced in the diffusion combustion stage with the reducing of nozzles’ flow. And properly setting flow parameters of nozzles effectively reduces emission of diesel engines. Nozzles with electrospark- perforated orifices perform better in emission than those with mechanically-perforated orifices. Overall HC, CO and PM emission of 186FA diesel engines with electrospark perforated orifices and flow of 0.959L/min reduce relatively 45.1%, 27.7% and 10.4% than those of engines with original mechanically-perforated orifices. Though NOX emission increases by 11.3%, the total percentage of HC and NOX is still 2.4% lower (Eight-Mode Emission Test Cycle). After optimization of nozzles, overall emission meets limits for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery(CHINAⅢ). The study reveals that fuel consumption ratio under middle and small load working condition and evident decrease in HC and CO are main factors of decrease in overall emission. The reason involved is that big flow parameter of nozzles and improved quality of runner surfaces increase pressure of fuel injection and improve quality of fuel injection. On the one hand, smog shape remains stable in every cycle; on the other hand, combinations of gas and oil and combustion quality are improved. These prove that orifice parameters and flow quality of nozzles are important factors that influence performance and emission of non-road small diesel engines.

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刘胜吉,王怀柱,王云龙,等. 喷油嘴流量对小型柴油机燃烧及排放影响的试验研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(30): .
Liu Shengji,,,et al. Experimental Study on Influences of Nozzles’ Flow on Small Diesel Engines’ Combustion and Emission[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(30).

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  • 收稿日期:2017-03-27
  • 最后修改日期:2017-03-27
  • 录用日期:2017-05-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2017-11-08
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