Combing the heterogeneous characteristics of Bohai typical heavy oil reservoir, we built two-dimensional plane heterogeneous physical model where microelectrode is inside. We carry out the polymer flooding physical simulation experiment in heavy oil reservoir and study the effect of water flooding and polymer flooding on the production performance and the distribution of residual oil under different heterogeneous conditions. The results show that for the longitudinal heterogeneous heavy oil reservoir. Under the condition of the same mean permeability, with respect to homogenous model, the heterogeneous model gets higher water cut in both water flooding and polymer flooding. The plot of water cut increases sharply, and picks up in advance. At the ultimate water cut, the injection volume has been reduced by 0.18PV and 0.31PV respectively, and the ultimate recovery has been decreased by 5.89% and 4.93% respectively. As for the heavy oil reservoir of serious plane heterogeneity, because of the polymer adsorption effect, it formed a certain flow resistance in the high permeability zone. Flow resistance force polymer solution into a low permeability zone in order to expand the plane sweep area. But low effective circulation in high permeability zone is still serious. Residual oil is mainly concentrated in the middle and low permeability zone. As for the heavy oil reservoir of serious heterogeneity, we combine the optimization of well pattern, chemical profile control and water plugging. That is the way to improve the effect of polymer injection in heavy oil reservoir.