As the main factor, Land cover which affects soil erosion and ecological environment has important significance to improve the ecological environment of the loess hilly region. This paper takes Taigu County of Shanxi Province as the research area, based on the latest domestic high score 1 (GF-1) and the traditional land satellite TM data to obtain the land cover type maps in 2000, 2007 and 2015 data, by the method of pre processing and support vector machine. At the end of the study, the temporal and spatial distribution of land cover types and different environmental factors in the research area were studied by using transfer matrix method, the results show that: (1) From the year 2000 to 2015, the grassland decreased significantly and the transformed to woodland and arable land mainly, other types of land have increased, the forest land has the largest increase. (2) Through the temporal and spatial distribution study of the land cover types that influenced by the various environmental factors ,the research found that the distribution regularity of the woodland and grassland was almost the same in the last 16 years. The mainly distribution area that is above an elevation of 1000 metres, the slope is above 6 degree, and the geographical location is mainly in Houcheng Township, Fancun Town, Yangyi Township. The distribution of the cultivated land and the construction land was almost the same. The mainly distribution area that is below an elevation of 1000 metres, the slope is above 15 degree, and they spread all over theScounty, the cultivated land was mainly in Hucun and Fancun towns and the construction land was mainly in Hu Cun and Ming Xing towns .