In this paper, urban thermal environment of Shaoshan city is the research object,a physical simulation model was built by software Gambit to analyze four kinds of anthropogenic heat, which influence the urban thermal environment. The urban thermal environment in summer under the influence of these four factors was simulated respectively by software Fluent and the effect degree of these factors was analyzed. The simulation results show that anthropogenic heat like heat release of human metabolism, industry, air conditioner and transportation had different effect on urban thermal environment and their effect degrees were presented orderly as follows：air conditioner heat release,human metabolism heat release,industry heat release and transportation heat release, transportation heat release mainly influenced thermal environment near road surface. The results could provide reference for improving urban thermal environment and relieving the effect of anthropogenic heat.