The cause of Baoshan Hetaoping (Yunnan Province) lead-zinc polymetallic deposit has alwasys been in controversial. Electron microprobe analysis was conducted on pyroxene of No.1 orebody of the main orebody in Hetaoping lead-zinc polymetallic deposit, and crystal chemical calculations in this paper, which suggested that the pyroxene of this deposit is mainly consisted of manganese - iron diopsides and iron diopsides, while some individual is hypo-diopside and manganese - calcium and iron pyroxene. Comparison of pyroxene mineral composition characteristics and Mn / Fe ratio of Mg / Fe ratio between the Hetaoping polymetallic deposit and the typical skarn lead-zinc polymetallic deposits revealed that Hetaoping lead-zinc polymetallic deposit is a calcium skarn deposit of contact metasomatism. The vertical zone of the deposit from surface to deep is of Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe skarn series, and the pyroxene with manganese can be considered as an important indicator of lead-zinc mineralization.