Objective: To identify and analysis the content of α-linolenic acid in the send oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, and provide the scientific foundation for the quality control and standard establishment of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Methods: TLC was used for identification of α-linolenic acid. The contents of α-linolenic acid were determined by HPLC. Results: The linear range of α-linolenic acid was 20~400 μg?mL-1 (r=0.9998). The average recovery of α-linolenic acid was 98.80%. The content of α-linolenic acid in the send oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim were 21.70%. Conclusion: The result is helpful to develop the quality standards of send oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. The method was accurate, simple and reproducible which can be applied to the quality control.