The prediction and evaluation of the distribution status of multi-component gases have important practical significance for the design and operation of aerobic ventilation projects. Quantitative characterization of multi-component gas pressure and concentration in garbage is the basis for clarifying the gas distribution state. Based on two typical landfill sites (Chibi (Group A) and Beiyangqiao (Group B)), this paper carried out on-site monitoring tests of multi-component gas pressure and concentration during gas injection, and proposed a modified gas The quantitative characterization relationship between the partial pressure and the concentration of each component is compared and analyzed on the reliability of the ES model and the MES model to predict the pressure and concentration of each component gas. The results show that: the pressure and concentration of each component gas of the two sets of test results are in line with the MES model, and there is a linear relationship between the pressure and concentration of each component gas; combined with the monitoring data and model analysis, it is found that the partial pressure value obtained by the ES model is higher than The MES model shows that the gas pressure obtained by monitoring is lower than the ideal value; the pressure differences of methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen are respectively: 1.75~1691pa, 63.77~1014.05pa, 50.19~707.98pa, 907.81~7158.53pa. The above results provide key theoretical support for the evaluation of the distribution of multi-component gases during aerobic ventilation.