In order to guide the construction project to realize safety production more scientifically, a risk evaluation indicators system based on structural effect is proposed. Firstly, taking the construction project as the research object, this paper analyzes the deficiencies of the existing evaluation indicators system which is dominated by the idea of "man-machine-environment". Then, the concept theory of structure effect is applied to construct the risk evaluation model based on structure effect from two aspects of project management behavior risk and project construction status risk, and a risk evaluation indicators system based on structural effect is proposed, including 2 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators and 18 third-level indicators. Finally, an evaluation model based on AHP-DEMATEL is constructed and applied. The results show that the project management behavior has the highest comprehensive impact in the first-level indicators; the management behavior of the construction company has the highest comprehensive impact in the second-level indicators, followed by high-altitude operations and protection; the comprehensive impact of the safety safety regulations, safety inspection and hidden danger investigation management is relatively high among third-level indicators. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation of the safety risk management of construction projects.