To illustrate the effect of different binders on the properties of RDX/Al composite energetic materials, three kinds of RDX/Al composite energetic materials coated with different binders were prepared by spray drying method using fluororubber (F2602), thermoplastic polyurethane (Estane5703), and nitrocellulose (NC), respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were utilized to characterize the morphology, surface elements, crystal structure and thermal decomposition characteristics of the samples, respectively. The impact sensitivity of the samples was tested by Type 12 tool method. The results show that the sample coated with F2602 have a smooth surface and compact particles, with the highest content of F element and the least amount of Al element on the surface, indicating the best coating effect of F2602. The crystal structure of the samples coated with the three binders are remained without phase transformation. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the samples coated with F2602, Estane5703, and NC are reduced by 6.17 K, 0.81 K and 6.24 K respectively compared with RDX, indicating that the thermal decomposition activity of RDX is promoted by the addition of aluminum powder. Compared with RDX, the characteristic drop height of the sample coated with F2602 is improved by 68.3 cm, which has the lowest impact sensitivity.