As an important part of the structural system, the wall affects safety of the structure due to its large stiffness, poor deformation and the connection mode with beams and columns. The straw bale has been applied in the construction of modern building since it has some properties including light weight and easy deformation, high energy-saving efficiency and therefore its application has been studied extensively and valued. This paper reviews the research status quo of study of the straw bale from home and abroad and reviews the study of mechanical properties, fire resistance and thermal insulation, energy saving and heat preservation, water proof and corrosion resistance, seismic performance. The existing problems are analyzed, and some suggestions for future research have been put forward tentatively.