Due to the special plateau climate and thin air, the aircraft performance of take-off and landing is significantly affected by air temperature and pressure in the plateau airport. The aircraft load is limited. Based on the analysis of take-off and landing performance of aircraft in plateau airport, the judgment criterion and analysis method of aircraft load reduction are proposed. According to the kinematic theory, the equilibrium state of take-off and landing ground is analyzed, and the relationship between ground speed and takeoff mass, ground speed and landing mass is obtained. The maximum takeoff and landing mass of tire speed limit is calculated. The theory of runway length calculation is analyzed, and the maximum takeoff and landing mass of aircrafts limited by runway length is calculated by analytical integral method. The limit of braking energy about take-off and landing mass is transformed into the limit of determination speed, and the maximum takeoff mass is calculated by determination speed. The ACN-PCN evaluation method is used to determine the maximum takeoff and landing quality of aircraft. The maximum takeoff mass and maximum landing mass of a certain aircraft are calculated by taking a certain plateau airport as an example.