In order to investigate the effect of shot-peening on fatigue properties of Al-Li alloy, eight groups of fatigue tests were carried out on Al-Li-XX and 2XXX Al-Li alloys, and the effects of shot-peening on fatigue life of different materials and orientations were quantitatively characterized by DFR method, and thus compared and analyzed. The results showed that Al-Li-XX alloy shows certain anisotropy, while 2XXX alloy shows obvious isotropism. Besides, shot-peening improves the fatigue properties of L-directional specimens of two kinds of Al-Li alloys to varying degrees, but has little effect on LT direction samples, and the fatigue life dispersion of the two materials increases in different degrees after shot-peening. The research results of this paper are expected to provide reference for structural material selection, fatigue design and engineering application of domestic large aircraft.