In order to solve the ability to resist short circuit is prominent of rectangular winding of amorphous alloy transformers, this paper studies the distribution characteristics of winding short-circuit electromotive force based on field-circuit coupling multiphysics. Taking an SBH15 amorphous alloy distribution transformer as the research object, the COMSOL simulation software was used to analyze and study the current, magnetic flux leakage, and electric force distribution in the short-circuit state. The results show the distribution law of short-circuit electromotive force along the winding and the weak point of short-circuit bearing capacity of rectangular winding. Studies show the short-circuit electromotive force on the long axis of the rectangular winding is greater than the short axis, and it is particularly obvious at the corner of the long axis. Finally, suggestions for optimization measures are put forward based on the lack of bearing capacity. The research has certain engineering practical value for further improving the short-circuit resistance of amorphous alloy transformers.