In order to solve the inaccuracy of the calculation results of the equivalent confining pressure and the equivalent deviator stress ratio when the traditional method is used to analyze the stress of geotechnical materials, a study method of the directional equivalent transformation of the sensitive stress of geotechnical engineering based on the orthogonal test method is proposed. First, rotate the comprehensive tensor to make it in the same spatial coordinate system as the stress tensor; then, calculate the equivalent stress tensor of the contact of the rock and soil particles under the anisotropy to obtain the equivalent stress. Based on the equivalent confining pressure and the equivalent deviator stress, the equivalent transformation model of anisotropy and stress directionality is constructed, and the sensitivity analysis of model parameters is carried out by using the orthogonal test method to complete the equivalent transformation research of sensitive stress directionality in geotechnical engineering. The experimental results show that the calculation results of the equivalent confining pressure and the equivalent deviator stress ratio of the proposed method are basically consistent with the actual values, the calculation accuracy of stress sensitivity is as high as 98%, the anti-interference is good, and the calculation time of the whole research process is far less than other literature methods, which verifies the superiority of the proposed method.