In order to grasp the individual morphology and component characteristics of annual plants in the sand area, through the sample survey, indoor measurement and statistical analysis, the individual morphological characteristics and component characteristics of four typical annual plants of Agriophyllum squarrosum, Corispermum patelliforme, Halogeton arachnoideus and Bassia dasyphylla, which are naturally distributed in Minqin Sandy Area, were observed. The results showed that: (1)Agriophyllum squarrosum had the largest plant height and crown width, followed by Halogeton arachnoideus and Bassia dasyphylla, Corispermum patelliforme were the smallest, the coefficient of variation is greater than 20%, and the individual size of plants varies greatly. (2) The order of dry weight of individual biomass of 4 plants was Agriophyllum squarrosum (98.24 g)> Halogeton arachnoideus (56.89 g)> Corispermum patelliforme (30.31 g)> Bassia dasyphylla (12.74 g), and the dry weight of biomass of each plant component showed the pattern of ear > shoot > leaf > root, among the components of annual plants, the biomass ratio of ear was the largest, and that of root was the smallest. (3) The order of water content per plant was Corispermum patelliforme (76.10%)> Halogeton arachnoideus (72.20%)> Agriophyllum squarrosum (70.89%)> Bassia dasyphylla (62.08%), there was a large difference in the moisture content of the components of each plant, and there was also a large difference in the water distribution ratio of the components, but each plant showed that the water distribution ratio of root was the smallest. The annual plants in sandy areas have different ecological strategies for their habitat resource utilization forms while adapting to their morphological characteristics, showing different physiological and ecological characteristics.