Based on the civil aviation transportation safety problem caused by thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery, and with turbulence during transportation, an experimental platform was designed independently, the 21700-type ternary lithium-ion battery was examined to explore the variations of open circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistance, and the changes in flame temperature and mass loss during thermal runaway process, to investigate the impact of vibration environment on the performance of lithium-ion battery and the hazard of thermal runaway. The research results show that the OCV of the lithium-ion battery remains basically stable under vibration conditions, while the internal resistance increases by 16.7%; compared with the blank experiment, the risk of thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery is reduced after vibration. The peak flame temperature reduced by 9.69% and the mass loss of lithium-ion battery dropped 13.54%; at the same time, the voltage capacity differential curve (dV/dQ) was used to in-depth analyze the influence mechanism of vibration conditions on lithium-ion battery. This study can provide theoretical reference for improving the consistency of lithium-ion battery performance.