With the advantages of huge reserves and low carbon and environmental protection, shale gas has great exploration and development value. However, the exploration of shale gas in China is still in the preliminary stage of exploration. In order to study the seismic response characteristics of shale gas reservoirs, an area of Sichuan Basin was taken as the research area. Firstly, the wedge model of shale formation was designed and its forward modeling with acoustic wave equation method was conducted. The influence of shale reservoir thickness, main frequency of seismic wavelet and gas content on seismic response characteristics of shale reservoir were studied by designing. Then, based on the actual logging data and seismic data in the study area, a two-dimensional geological model of cross-well profile was established and its forward simulation was carried out. Finally, the reservoir response characteristics were analyzed, which could preliminarily predict the favorable gas-bearing areas and provide a reliable basis for verifying the accuracy of the subsequent inversion results. It has certain guiding significance for the study of shale reservoir characteristics in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas.