Tanganyika Basin has a great exploration potential, because of the similarity of tectonic and sedimentary characters with those basins located in East Rife, which had many oil and gas discoveries in recent years. In this study, according to the seismic reflection characters and interface contact relationship, four reflectors were identified including T14, T12, T5 and T2, which correspond to four third-order sequences namely SQ1, SQ2, SQ3 and SQ4. Under the control of sequence framework and based on external and internal seismic reflections, seven types of seismic facies were identified, including Channel filling seismic face, strong amplitude sheet seismic face, weak amplitude sheet seismic face, wedge shapedSseismic face, lenticular shaped seismic face, mound-shaped seismic face and imbricate seismic face, which reflect river, shallow to deep lacustrine, contourite and fan delta sedimentary systems. The study results show that, during the sedimentary period of the SQ1, deltas were developed in the isolated half grabens on the gentle slope, and shallow-deep lacustrine deposits in the center of the sag; when the SQ2 deposited, fluvial and delta deposits were developed in the gentle slope zone as a unified tectonic unit, and delta and turbidite deposits in the center of the sag; during the depositionary period of the SQ3, as the structure uplifted, large meandering rivers appeared in the gentle slope zone, and delta and turbidite deposits further expanded in the center of the sag; and with the coming of the SQ4, active rifting made developed contourite in the center of the sag and large fan deltas and slump deposits in the steep slope of the boundary fault.