Taking a mango planting area in Yanbian County of Panzhihua City as the research area, 47 surface soil (0~20cm) samples were collected to test the content of 6 heavy metals in Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. Three methods were used to evaluated the degree of heavy metal pollution included the single factor pollution index method, the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and the potential ecological hazard index method. ArcGIS software was used to analyze and draw the spatial distribution map of soil pollution degree in the study area. The result showed that the Cd in the study area exceeded the standard, and the As, Cu and Pb were slightly exceeded. Only Cr and Ni met the national soil environmental quality standards. The average value of the six heavy metals (mg.kg^-1) exceeded the background value of soil elements in Sichuan Province. Cd near the residential area in the middle of the study area was relatively high. The concentrations of As in the northwest and southwest of the study area were higher. Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in the middle were higher than the east and west sides. The impact of single factor pollution index indicates that the Cd in the study area was in moderate-severe pollution and the As was slightly polluted. The Nemero comprehensive pollution index evaluation result showed that the study area was in moderate and severe pollution levels each accounted for 34.04% and 65.96%. The single potential ecological hazard indexes of Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb are 980.069, 18.486, 1.983, 5.005, 6.285 and 4.640, and the comprehensive potential ecological hazard index was between 777.344~924.348. The study area is generally strong potential ecological hazards. Cd posed a certain threat to the soil environment of mango planting area, suggesting that measures should be taken to prevent and control.