Soil moisture and salinity are important indicators for plant growth and environmental assessment. There are many drawbacks of traditional detection methods such as the measurement of the spatial distribution of soil moisture and salinity and the damage of soil structure. In order to solve these problems, a soil electrical impedance tomography (SEIT) system based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been proposed. In order to solve the drawbacks of traditional detection methods that can not reflect the spatial distribution of soil moisture and salinity and destroy soil structure, a soil electrical impedance tomography (SEIT) system based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is proposed. The main work of this paper is the simulation research of SEIT system and its measurement and control system. First of all, the mathematical and physical model was established and forward and inverse problems of SEIT were analyzed after setting boundary conditions.Firstly, the forward and inverse problems of SEIT are simulated and analyzed by establishing mathematical and physical models and setting boundary conditions..Then the overall framework was built based on the functional analysis of the measurement and control system. Besides, the appropriate chip was selected to complete the hardware design and the flow chart of control program is proposed.Then, through the functional analysis of the measurement and control system, The overall framework is proposed, and the appropriate chip is selected to complete the hardware design, and the flow chart of the control program is proposed. Finally, the hardware circuit and control program arewere debugged to verify the effectivenesscorrectness of the hardware circuit design of SEIT measurement and control system and the rationality of the control program.