In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution of the head of the seepage field in the sandy cobble stratum, relying on the foundation pit engineering of the underground station of the Jinan Rail Transit R1 line, a recharging model test system was developed, and the single well recharge model tests of the unconfined aquifer and the confined aquifer were carried out respectively. A mathematical model for unsteady seepage single well recharge for sandy cobble stratum was established. The test results show that: (1) Under the confined aquifer condition, the water head changing trend of the monitoring data and the calculation data which based on Theis' unsteady flow formula are basically same, all of which are convex curves, but there is obvious error in vaule. (2)Under the unconfined aquifer condition,the Theis formula can only describe the changing trend of the saturated seepage stage, and it is not applicable to the unsaturated seepage stage. (3) Under the quantitative recharge condition, the closer to the recharge well, the quicker to reach the saturated seepage. (4) The recharge has the well loss phenomenon, the head of the well loss accounts for 3.2%~52.5% of the recharge head.