山西省黄土崩塌影响因素及时空分布特征
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Influencing Factors and Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics ofLoess Collapse in Shanxi Province
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    摘要:

    黄土是干旱半干旱地区由风力搬运堆积的一种弱胶结、非饱和、多孔隙的第四系沉积物。中国黄土因其覆盖面积广,分布厚度大,位居世界之冠。然而,黄土地区地质环境脆弱,地质灾害频发。位于黄河中游东部,华北平原西部的山西省,是典型的黄土广泛覆盖的山地高原,地形高度变化大,地质构造条件复杂,探究该地区黄土崩塌影响因素进而揭示其时空分布特征,对研究黄土地区地质灾害的形成以及预防黄土地质灾害的发生有一定的科学意义。本文收集整理了山西省194处黄土崩塌的数据资料,基于对这些资料的统计分析,得出如下认识:1)黄土崩塌易发育于如下坡体:直线型坡、凸型坡;坡向为180°~270°的向阳坡;坡高为5~40 m范围内的斜坡;坡度大于60°的斜坡;2)黄土崩塌的发育呈现一定的时间规律性:在一年内,黄土崩塌多集中发生在雨季(7~8月)以及冻融季(3~4月)。一天当中,黄土崩塌多发生在晚上9点至次日凌晨4点。3)人类工程活动越强烈的地区,黄土崩塌越是易发,越是集中。

    Abstract:

    Loess is a weakly cemented, unsaturated, porous Quaternary sediment deposited by wind transport in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to its wide coverage and large thickness, the loess in China ranks first in the world. However, the geological environment in the loess area is fragile and geological disasters occur frequently. Located in the eastern part of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and in the western part of the North China Plain, Shanxi Province is a typical mountain plateau widely covered by loess, where the terrain height changes greatly, and the geological structure conditions are complex. Exploring the influencing factors of loess collapse in this area and revealing its development law has certain scientific significance for studying the formation of geological disasters in the loess area and preventing the occurrence of yellow soil disasters. This paper collects and compiles the data of 194 loess collapses in Shanxi Province. Based on the statistical analysis of these data, the following understandings are obtained: 1) Loess collapse is easy to develop in the following slopes: linear slope, convex slope; slope orientation is 180 The sunny slope of 180°~270°; the slope with a slope height of 5~40 m; the slope with slope more than 60°; 2) The development of loess collapse shows a certain time regularity: in one year, the loess collapse mostly occurs in the rainy season (July to August) and the freeze-thaw season (3~4 months). During the day, the loess collapse occurred mostly from 9:00 pm to 4:00 am the next day. 3) The more intense the human engineering activities, the more likely the loess collapse to occur and the more concentrated it is.

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毛佳睿,武雄. 山西省黄土崩塌影响因素及时空分布特征[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(10): 3799-3807.
Mao Jiarui, Wu Xiong. Influencing Factors and Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics ofLoess Collapse in Shanxi Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2020,20(10):3799-3807.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-11
  • 最后修改日期:2019-11-02
  • 录用日期:2019-09-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-05-19
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