Under the premise of ensuring the weight characteristics of the leading edge of the aircraft wing, this paper improves the anti-bird strike performance of the aircraft through a wing leading edge structure partially filled with aluminum foam. The anti-bird impact performance analysis of the unfilled front edge and partially filled aluminum foam was carried out by LS-DYNA. The difference of impact response, front wall response and energy absorption characteristics of the two were studied. And the bird impact aluminum plate test was carried out by D80 gas gun to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the bird constitutive parameters. The results show that reducing the thickness of the skin and partially filling the aluminum foam not only optimizes the weight of the leading edge of the wing but also effectively enhance the strength of the structure; The displacement and the equivalent stress of the center point of the front wall of the leading edge of the wing partially filled with aluminum foam are effectively reduced. The leading edge of the wing partially filled with aluminum foam is more effective against bird impact; With the combination of skin and aluminum foam, the leading edge of the partially filled aluminum foam can absorb more energy under the same impact conditions.